Relief of Cleopatra Philopator (51-30 BCE) VII and her son Ptolomey XV Caeserion as Pharaoh. Cleopatra had intended for her son to succeed her as ruler of the Ptolemaic Kingdom, however her defeat at the hands of Octavian in the Final War of the Roman Republic and Caesarion's subsequent death prevented this. This represented the end of the Ptolemaic dynasty and the beginning, with Octavian's self-proclamation as pharaoh on 30 August 30 BC, of the last historic phase of ancient Egypt, the Roman Period (30 BCE-CE 395).